The Bruce Medalists: Allan Sandage

<body bgcolor=#9CCEFF> <font size="+5"><b><a href="../Intro.html" target="main"><font color="#CC6600">The Bruce Medalists</font></a></b></font> <p>   </p> <table width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" > <tr><td width = "33%"> </td> <td width = "34%" align="center"><a href="sandage.jpg"><img src="sandageSml.jpg" alt="" height="110" width="91" border="2"></a></td><td width="33%" valign="middle"><font size=1>Photo courtesy Dr. Sandage</font></td><td> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" align="center"><font size="+2"><b><font color="#CC6600">Allan Rex Sandage</font></b></font></td></tr> <tr><td width="33%"><b>18 June 1926</b></td> <td align=center width="34%"><b>1975 Bruce Medalist</b></td><td align="right"><b> </b></td> </tr> </table> <p>Allan Sandage was educated at the University of Illinois and the <b><a href="http://www.caltech.edu/subpages/about.html">California Institute of Technology</a></b>, where he earned his doctorate under <b><a href="../Baade/index.html">Walter Baade</a></b>. Since 1952 he has been on the staff of the <b><a href="http://www.mtwilson.edu/">Mt. Wilson</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomarpublic/index.html">Palomar</a></b> Observatories, now the <b><a href="http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/about/">Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington</a></b>, where he began as a graduate student assistant to <b><a href="../Hubble/index.html">Edwin P. Hubble</a></b>. His research has been in stellar astronomy and observational cosmology. With <b><a href="../Schwarzschild/index.html">Martin Schwarzschild</a></b> he determined ages and evolution of globular clusters in order to obtain the ages of the oldest objects known. He has calibrated all of the “standard candles” to determine distances of remote galaxies and has several times presented (often with Gustav Tammann) revised estimates of the value of the <b><a href="http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/guidry/violence/hubble_constant.html">Hubble constant</a></b>. After nearly half a century of observing with the Hale telescope on Palomar Mountain, he now uses the Hubble Space Telescope to determine <b><a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960514.html">distances to galaxies using Cepheid variable stars</a></b>. In the <b><a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/debate/debate96.html">controversy over the value of the Hubble constant</a></b>, Sandage and Tammann have been vocal proponents of a relatively small value of H<sub>0</sub>, implying a relatively large, old universe. Sandage found the first optical counterpart to a radio source that would later be identified as a quasar, and he discovered many more, including the radio-quiet ones. He has published photographic atlases of galaxies and many historical reviews, including a centennial history of the Mt. Wilson Observatory. </p> <p><b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Personal Web Page</font></FONT></b><br><a href="http://www.ociw.edu/research/sandage.html">At Carnegie Observatories</a><br> </p> <p> <b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Presentation of Bruce medal</font></FONT></b><br> <i>Mercury</i> <b>4</b>, 6, 2 (1975).</p> <p> <b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Other awards</font></FONT></b><br> American Astronomical Society, <a href="http://www.aas.org/grants/awards.html">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a>, 1972.<br> Association pour le Développement International de l’Observatoire de Nice, <a href="http://www.obs-nice.fr/adion/medaille.html">ADION medal</a>, 1988<br> Franklin Institute, <a href="http://www.fi.edu/winners/detail.faw?winner_id=3841">Elliot Cresson medal</a>, 1973.<br> Peter Gruber Foundation, <a href="http://www.petergruberfoundation.org/cosmologyframeset.htm">Cosmology Prize</a>, 2000. (<a href="http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-53/iss-10/p95a.html">report in <i>Physics Today</i></a>)<br> <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=306">National Medal of Science</a>, 1970. [see <i>Physics Today</i> <b>24</b>, 5, 71 (1971).<br> National Radio Astronomy Observatory, <a href="http://www.nrao.edu/jansky/janskyprize.shtml">Jansky Lectureship</a>, 1991.<br> <a href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdscien/index.htm">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a>, Gold Medal.<br> Royal Astronomical Society, Eddington Medal, presented by W.H. McCrea, <a href="http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1963QJRAS...4..180."><i>QJRAS</i> <b>4</b>, 180-82 (1963)</a>; <a href="http://www.ras.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=244&Itemid=104">Gold Medal</a>, 1967, presented by <a href="../Cowling/index.html">T.G. Cowling</a>, <a href="http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1967QJRAS...8..126."><i>QJRAS</i> <b>8</b>, 126 (1967)</a>.<br> Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, <a href="http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/eng/awards/search_laureates/detail.asp?LaureateID=395&PrizeYear=1991&PrizeID=4&LanguageID=2&SubjectID=5">Crafoord Prize</a>, 1991.<br> </p> <p> <b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Biographical materials</font></FONT></b><br> Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M., “Allan Sandage: L’Architecte de l’Expansion,” <i>Ciel et Espace</i> <b>338</b>, 44-48 (1998). [in French]<br> Ferris, Timothy, “Minds and Matter,” <i>New Yorker</i> <b>71</b>, 12, 46 (1995).<br> Golden, Frederic, “Astronomy’s Feisty Old Man,” <i>Astronomy</i> <b>25</b>, 12, 55 (1997).<br> Sandage, Allan, interview with Alan Lightman, in Lightman, Alan & Roberta Brawer, <i>Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists</i> (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990), pp. 67-84.<br> Strauss, Michael A., <a href="HTTP://WWW.PETERGRUBERFOUNDATION.ORG/sandage.htm">Gruber Cosmology Prize citation and biographical statement</a><br> </p>  <p><b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Photos</font></FONT></b><br> <a href="http://archives.caltech.edu//photoNet.cfm>Caltech Archives</a> (4 photos)<br> <a href="http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/Images/sandage.gif">Carnegie Institution of Washington</a><br> <a href="http://www.aip.org/servlet/SearchSite?SearchPage=%2FK2site_search.html&collection=AIPHOME&filename=all&ResultMaxDocs=10&queryText=sandage&SEARCH-97.x=65&SEARCH-97.y=9">AIP Center for History of Physics</a> (3 photos)<br> <a href="http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~nick/fastronomer/fastronomer.html">Olin Eggen Pictures of Astronomers Collection</a><br> </p> <p><b><font size="+1"><font color="#CC6600">Named after him</font></FONT></b><br> Hubble-Sandage variable stars (with <a href="../Hubble/index.html">Edwin Hubble</a>)<br> <a href="http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/MPNames.html#S">Minor planet #9963 Sandage</a><br> </p> <p><b><font size="+1"><a href="SandageRefs.html" target="_self">More references</a></font></b></p> <p> <center><b><a href="../index.html" target="_top">The Bruce Medalists</a></b></center> </p> <p> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="TOP"><font size="-1">Please send comments, additions, corrections, and questions to<br> <a href="MAILTO:joe.tenn@sonoma.edu"> joe.tenn@sonoma.edu</a><br></font></td> <td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><i> <a href="http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/">JST</a> </i><br> <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">2006-06-17</a></font></td> </tr> </table></p> </body>